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Start working with Docker

A container is an isolated environment for your code. This means that a container has no knowledge of your operating system, or your files. It runs on the environment provided to you by Docker Desktop. Containers have everything that your code needs in order to run, down to a base operating system. You can use Docker Desktop to manage and explore your containers. Official documentation.

This article - popular docker commands collection.

If you need to show subcommands list you may see Docker help. Just call "docker" command in terminal:

user@localhost:~$ docker

Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND

A self-sufficient runtime for containers

Options:
      --config string      Location of client config files (default "/home/xinit/.docker")
-c, --context string     Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon
                           (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and default context set with
                           "docker context use")
-D, --debug              Enable debug mode
-H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-l, --log-level string   Set the logging level
                           ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
      --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
      --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default
                           "/home/xinit/.docker/ca.pem")
      --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default
                           "/home/xinit/.docker/cert.pem")
      --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/home/xinit/.docker/key.pem")
      --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version            Print version information and quit

Management Commands:
builder     Manage builds
buildx*     Docker Buildx (Docker Inc., v0.14.0)
completion Generate the autocompletion script for the specified shell
config      Manage Docker configs
container   Manage containers
context     Manage contexts
image       Manage images
manifest    Manage Docker image manifests and manifest lists
network     Manage networks
node        Manage Swarm nodes
plugin      Manage plugins
secret      Manage Docker secrets
service     Manage services
stack       Manage Docker stacks
swarm       Manage Swarm
system      Manage Docker
trust       Manage trust on Docker images
volume      Manage volumes

Commands:
attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create      Create a new container
diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
events      Get real time events from the server
exec        Run a command in a running container
export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history     Show the history of an image
images      List images
import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info        Display system-wide information
inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects
kill        Kill one or more running containers
load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login       Log in to a Docker registry
logout      Log out from a Docker registry
logs        Fetch the logs of a container
pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps          List containers
pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename      Rename a container
restart     Restart one or more containers
rm          Remove one or more containers
rmi         Remove one or more images
run         Run a command in a new container
save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search      Search the Docker Hub for images
start       Start one or more stopped containers
stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop        Stop one or more running containers
tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top         Display the running processes of a container
unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update      Update configuration of one or more containers
version     Show the Docker version information
wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

To get more help with docker, check out our guides at https://docs.docker.com/go/guides/

And some subcommand have its help. Run "docker images --help" for list all arguments:

user@localhost:~$ docker images --help

Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

List images

Options:
-a, --all             Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
      --digests         Show digests
-f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet           Only show image IDs

Display system-wide information:

docker info

Pull image from Docker hub:

docker pull ubuntu

Image pulled, but not running.

Start downloaded image:

docker run -it --name MyLocalUbuntu ubuntu

-it - interactive mode (open Ubuntu shell at once)
--name - giving name for container
ubuntu - name of image
When need leave from MyLocalUbuntu's shell press "CTRL + D" keys combination.

See list of all downloaded images with "docker images --all" command:

user@localhost:~$ docker images --all
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu latest bf3dc08bfed0 10 days ago 76.2MB

List of containers with "docker ps --all" command:

user@localhost:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6c8d4c945b2d ubuntu "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) About a minute ago MyLocalUbuntu

Run container at some port: